Article
Time-course of plasma chemokine and cytokine increases in a rat model of brain death
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Published: | June 9, 2017 |
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Objective: Brain death (BD) is a donor-associated risk factor that negatively affects transplantation outcome. The inflammation associated with BD appears to have a negative effect on organ quality. It was shown that complement activation, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines significantly increase after brain death. We determined plasma chemokine and cytokine responses over a period of eight hours after BD.
Methods: Thirteen healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were intubated and mechanically ventilated. After induction of BD, rats were kept hemodynamically stable over a period of eight hours. A panel of immune responses including cytokines and chemokines were measured at 1, 4 and 8 hours after BD by multiplex analyses.
Results: In the early phase after BD induction, an increase in heart rate and a decrease in mean arterial pressure (mMAP) were recorded. Only limited fluctuations in Pa O2, O2 saturation and HCO3 were noted. Almost all monocyte-/macrophage- and lymphocyte-derived cytokines and immune cell products increased steadily during a period of eight hours.
Conclusion: Increase of chemokines, cytokines and particularly pro-inflammatory responses after BD is significantly time-dependent. Studies which measure donors` and recipients` cytokines and chemokines could provide useful information to improve outcome for organ recipients.