gms | German Medical Science

Guidelines of the German Society for Nutritional Medicine e.V. (http://www.dgem.de), prepared in collaboration with the following medical associations: The German Society for Anesthaesiology und Intensive Medicine (http://www.dgai.de), The German Society for Surgery (http://www.dgch.de), The German Society for Paediatrics (http://www.dgkj.de), The German Society for Internal Medicine (http://www.dgim.de), The German Society for Internal Intensive and Emergency Medicine (http://www.dgiin.de), The German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (http://www.dgvs.de), The German Diabetes Society (http://www.deutsche-diabetes-gesellschaft.de), The German Interdisciplinary Alliance for Intensive and Emergency Medicine (http://www.divi-org.de), and The Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition e.V. (http://www.gpge.de).

This is a revised, English-language version of Leitlinie Parenterale Ernährung der DGEM published in Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2007, 32 (S1) (http://www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/akternmed/27157).

1 Introduction and methodology
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000085.shtml)

2 Nutritional status (see ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition, Clinical Nutr. 2006;25(2):175-360;
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02615614)

3 Energy expenditure and energy intake
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000084.shtml)

4 Amino acids
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000083.shtml)

5 Carbohydrates
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000082.shtml)

6 Lipid emulsions
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000081.shtml)

7 Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000080.shtml)

8 Organisation, regulations, preparation and logistics of parenteral nutrition in hospitals and homes; the role of the nutrition support team
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000079.shtml)

9 Access technique and its problems in parenteral nutrition
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000078.shtml)

10 Practical handling of AIO mixtures
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000077.shtml)

11 Complications and monitoring
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000076.shtml)

12 Ethical and legal points of view in parenteral nutrition
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000075.shtml)

13 Neonatology/Paediatrics
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000074.shtml)

14 Intensive medicine
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000073.shtml)

15 Gastroenterology
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000072.shtml)

16 Hepatology
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000071.shtml)

17 Parenteral nutrition in patients with renal failure
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000070.shtml)

18 Surgery and transplantation
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000069.shtml)

19 Non-surgical oncology
(http://www.egms.de/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000068.shtml)

Adolph M³ (WG 3, 6L, 14), Arends J⁴ (WG 19L), Bauer K⁵ (WG 13), Biesalski HK⁶ (WG 7L), Bischoff SC⁷ (WG 7L, 8L, 9, 12, 15), Blumenstein I⁸ (WG 4), Bockenheimer-Lucius G⁹ (WG 12), Boehles H-J⁵ (WG 4, 7, 13), Bolder U¹⁰ (WG 5L), Braß P¹¹ (WG 9), Celik I¹² (WG 1), Dossett A⁴ (WG 19), Druml W¹³ (WG 14, 17L), Ebener Ch¹⁴ (WG 5, 18), Fietkau R¹⁵ (WG 19), Franken Ch¹⁶ (WG 10), Frewer A¹⁷ (WG 12), Fusch Ch¹⁸ (WG 13L), Goeters Ch¹⁹ (WG 4), Hartl W² (WG 9, 11L), Hauner H²⁰ (WG 5), Hausser L²¹ (WG 18), Heller AR²² (WG 6), Holland-Cunz S²³ (WG 18), Hug MJ²⁴ (WG 19), Jauch KW² (C, WG 1, 9L, 5, 11, 14, 18), Jochum F²⁵ (WG 13), Kemen M²⁶ (WG 18), Kester L²⁷ (WG 8), Kierdorf H²⁸ (WG 17), Koch T²² (WG 6), Koletzko B¹ (C, WG 1L, 6, 13, 15), Koller M²⁹ (WG 1L), Kopp IB³⁰ (WG 1), Kraehenbuehl L³¹ (WG 18), Krawinkel M³² (WG 13), Kreymann G³³ (WG 3L, 5, 6, 14L), Krohn K¹ (C, WG 6, 13), Kuse ER³⁴ (WG 18), Laengle F³⁵ (WG 18), Meier R³⁶ (WG 8), Muehlebach S³⁷ (WG 9, 10L, 13), Muehlhoefer A³⁸ (WG 7), Mueller MJ³⁹ (WG 3), Ockenga J⁴⁰ (WG 5), Parhofer K⁴¹ (WG 11), Plauth M⁴² (WG 16L), Pscheidl E⁴³ (WG 6, 9), Radziwill R⁴⁴ (WG 8), Rittler P² (WG 11), Rothaermel S⁴⁵ (WG 12L), Schmid I¹ (WG 19), Schregel W⁴⁶ (WG 9L), Schulz R-J⁴⁷ (WG 4, 15L), Schuetz T⁴⁸ (WG 16), Schwab D⁴⁹ (WG 8), Senkal M⁵⁰ (WG 6), Shang E⁵¹ (WG 19), Stanga Z⁵² (WG 9L, 10), Stein J⁸ (WG 4L), Thul P⁵³ (WG 8, 9), Traeger K⁵⁴ (WG 5), Verwied-Jorky S¹ (C, WG 1), Volk O⁵⁵ (WG 9), Wehkamp K-H⁵⁶ (WG 12), Weimann A⁵⁷ (WG 18L), Zander AR⁵⁸ (WG 19), Zuercher G⁵⁹ (WG 12, 19)

C = member of the coordinating team, WG = member of the working group, L = working group leader

¹Dept. Metabolic Diseases & Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich; ²Dept. Surgery Grosshadern, University Hospital, Munich; ³Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Eberhard-Karl University, Tuebingen; ⁴Dept of Oncology and Tumour Biology, University of Freiburg; ⁵Dept. of Paediatrics, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University of Frankfurt; ⁶Institute for Biochemistry und Nutrition Science, University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim; ⁷Dept Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University Stuttgart-Hohenheim; ⁸Dept. Internal Medicine, University of Frankfurt; ⁹Senckenberg Institute for the History and Ethics of Medicine, University of Frankfurt; ¹⁰Dept. of Surgery, University of Regensburg; ¹¹Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Medicine, University of Cologne; ¹²Institute for Theoretical Surgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg; ¹³Clinical Dept. of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Vienna, Austria; ¹⁴Dept. of General, Visceral and Children's Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University of Dusseldorf; ¹⁵Depts. Paediatric Surgery and Radiation Therapy, University of Rostock; ¹⁶Central Pharmacy, University of Dusseldorf; ¹⁷Dept. of History, Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Medical University Hannover; ¹⁸Dept. of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; ¹⁹Dept of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Medicine, University of Munster; ²⁰Else-Kroener-Fresenius Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich; ²¹Dept. of General and Visceral Surgery, Augsburg; ²²Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Dresden; ²³Dept. of Paediatric Surgery, University of Tuebingen; ²⁴Pharmacy, University Hospital Freiburg; ²⁵Dept. of Paediatrics, Spandau Hospital, Berlin; ²⁶Dept. Surgery, Lutheran Hospital Herne; ²⁷Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Hannover; ²⁸Dept. Nephrology, Braunschweig; ²⁹Centre for Clinical Studies, University of Regensburg; ³⁰Institute for Theoretical Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg; ³¹Dept. of Surgery, Canton Hospital Fribourg, Switzerland; ³²Institute for Nutritional Science and Centre for Paediatrics, University of Giessen; ³³Baxter S.A., Schaffhausenerstr., Zurich, Switzerland; ³⁴Central Clinic for Anaesthetics, Operative Intensive Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital of Salzgitter; ³⁵Dept. General Surgery, University of Vienna, Austria; ³⁶Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Basel, Switzerland; ³⁷CSO Vifor Pharma Ag, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland; ³⁸Dept. of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, St. Catharine's Hospital, Stuttgart; ³⁹Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; ⁴⁰Medical Clinic II, Hospital Bremen Centre; ⁴¹Dept. Medicine II, University of Munich; ⁴²Dept. of Internal Medicine, Municipal Clinic Dessau; ⁴³Dept. of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Medicine and Special Pain Therapy, Landshut; ⁴⁴Pharmacy und Patient Advice Centre, Clinic Fulda; ⁴⁵Institute for Biological, Health and Medical Law, University of Augsburg; ⁴⁶Dept. of Anaesthetics, St. Joseph's Hospital Krefeld-Uerdingen; ⁴⁷Clinic for Geriatrics, St. Marien-Hospital, Cologne; ⁴⁸Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterologie, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; ⁴⁹Dept. Medicine II, Martha-Maria Hospital, Nuremberg; ⁵⁰Dept. Surgery I, St. Mary's Hospital Witten; ⁵¹Dept Surgery, University Hospital of Mannheim; ⁵²Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland; ⁵³Dept. of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thorax Surgery, Humboldt University of Berlin; ⁵⁴Dept. of Anaesthesiology, University of Ulm; ⁵⁵Dept. of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, Krefeld; ⁵⁶University for Applied Science, Hamburg; ⁵⁷Dept. of General und Visceral Surgery, St. George's Hospital, Leipzig; ⁵⁸Dept. of Oncology and Haematology, University of Hamburg; ⁵⁹Dept. of Internal Medicine I, University of Freiburg.