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Gesundheit – gemeinsam. Kooperationstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS), Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention (DGSMP), Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie (DGEpi), Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Soziologie (DGMS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Public Health (DGPH)

08.09. - 13.09.2024, Dresden

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Changes in weight and body mass index over 5 years in people with HIV (PWH) and the general population from the German Ruhr area

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  • Laven Mavarani - Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
  • Anja Potthoff - Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
  • Sarah Albayrak-Rena - Department of Dermatology and Venereology, HIV Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
  • Martin Hower - Department of Pneumology, Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Klinikum Dortmund, Hospital University Witten/Herdecke, Dortmund, Germany
  • Sebastian Dolff - Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
  • Dirk Schadendorf - Department of Dermatology and Venereology, HIV Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
  • Stefan Esser - Department of Dermatology and Venereology, HIV Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Institute for translational HIV research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
  • Börge Schmidt - Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Gesundheit – gemeinsam. Kooperationstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS), Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialmedizin und Prävention (DGSMP), Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie (DGEpi), Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Soziologie (DGMS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Public Health (DGPH). Dresden, 08.-13.09.2024. Düsseldorf: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; 2024. DocAbstr. 394

doi: 10.3205/24gmds791, urn:nbn:de:0183-24gmds7910

Published: September 6, 2024

© 2024 Mavarani et al.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Outline

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Background: An increased prevalence of obesity has been observed globally within the last decades. In general, weight changes are known to be a multifactorial process associated with demographics, diet, exercise, psychological and clinical comorbidities, and co-medications. Increased prevalence of obesity has also been observed among people living with HIV (PWH), but the role of HIV treatment on weight gain is unclear. PLH under antiretroviral therapy (ART) may have an increased risk of gaining weight in adulthood, but also ART regime changes might have an impact on weight changes. This study evaluates weight change over 5 years in PWH compared to the general population in the Ruhr area.

Methods: The HIV-HEART (HIVH; PWH cohort) and Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR: general population cohort) are prospective studies assessing cardiovascular risk using similar methodologies in the Ruhr area of Germany. Study baseline was from 2000-2003 (HNR) and 2009-2016 (HIVH). HIVH and HNR cohorts were matched 1:1 using propensity scores (PS) using a greedy algorithm. The covariates included in the matching model are age, sex, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, lipids, smoking, and physical activity. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of HIV with weight and body mass index (BMI) at baseline and the absolute and relative changes after 5 years.

Results: After matching the cohorts, 624 participants were remaining in HIVH and HNR each (17.6% female participants). PWH had a lower baseline weight (77.5±14.6 vs. 80.5±16.2 kg) and BMI (25.1±4.1 vs. 26.2±5.1 kg/m2) compared to the general population. The mean weight gain within 5 years was 2.1±5.7 kg in HIVH and 1.2±5.7 kg in HNR. The mean BMI gain within 5 years was 0.7±2.2 kg/m2 in HIVH and 0.5±2.2 kg/m2 in HNR. Linear regression analysis also indicated lower average baseline weight (-6.6kg [95% CI -8.28;-4.93]) and BMI (-2.8kg/m2 [95% CI -3.3; -2.3]) in the HIVH cohort. The absolute weight difference after 5 years was +0.9kg (95% Cl 0.2; 1.5) higher in HIVH compared to HNR. The absolute BMI difference after 5 years was +0.2 kg/m2 (95% Cl 0.004; 0.5) higher in HIVH compared to HNR.

Conclusions: PWH had lower weight and BMI compared to the general population at baseline. The matched participants in both cohorts gained weight over 5 years. The weight gain difference in PWH compared to the general population and the overall 5-year gains in HIVH were modest and clinically not relevant. After 5 years, absolute weight in PWH remains less than in the general population. The differences between PLH and the general population regarding anthropomorphic parameters might be associated with HIV-specific risk factors, such as type of therapy and lifestyle, yet could also be a result of coming-back-to-normal effects after taking ART.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

The authors declare that a positive ethics committee vote has been obtained.