Article
Mesenchymal stromal cells and chondrocytes live and proliferate on experimental magnesium phosphate cements: One step further in bringing new bone cements into clinical application
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Authors
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Philipp Heilig
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Würzburg, Germany
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Maximillian Heilig
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Würzburg, Germany
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Martin Jordan
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Würzburg, Germany
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Rainer Meffert
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Würzburg, Germany
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Torsten Blunk
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Würzburg, Germany
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Uwe Gbureck
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, FMZ, Lehrstuhl für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin, Würzburg, Germany
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Marietta Herrmann
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, IZKF Gruppe Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, Würzburg, Germany
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Stefanie Hoelscher-Doht
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Würzburg, Germany
| Published: | October 21, 2024 |
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Outline
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Objectives: The unmet need in orthopedic trauma surgery for bone cements usable as implant support, bone void fillers or bone adhesives has led research to focus intensively on magnesium phosphate bone cements. Promising magnesium phosphate formulations provide high initial strength and appropriate degradability. To further characterize biocompatibility with respect to relevant cell types in fracture treatment, the effect of magnesium phosphate cement formulations on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and articular cartilage cells will be investigated.
Methods: Five experimental cement formulations are in-house fabricated: Four formulations of trimagnesium or trimagnesium calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide and phytic acid and 1 formulation of magnesium phosphate hydrate, magnesium oxide and phosphoserine. A polymethylmethacrylate, hydroxyapatite and brushite cement are chosen as a reference. Before cell seeding, cements were prepared through immersion in phosphate buffered saline and ion release was measured via plasma mass spectroscopy. Human MSCs were isolated from acetabular reaming material from total hip arthroplasty patients. Porcine chondrocytes were harvested from knee joints. After culture and expansion, 30,000 cells were seeded directly on cement discs. Viability and proliferation are assessed by MTT and Resazurin assays and adherence to the cement material is validated by stereomicroscopy.
Results and conclusion: At the beginning of immersion in saline a high magnesium ion release is registered, which then diminishes until only phosphate release is present for the magnesium phosphate cements. Both, MSCs and chondrocytes show appropriate viability, proliferation and adherence on all experimental magnesium phosphate cement formulations and no cytotoxic effect is detected. The results are a further puzzle piece assessing the biological behavior of magnesium phosphate cements and support the objective to bring these cements to clinical application.
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