Article
Impact of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease with and without pulmonary hypertension on survival in over 5,000 patients
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Published: | August 30, 2023 |
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Introduction: Pulmonary involvement is the most common cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and may manifest as interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), or in combination of both (ILD-pulmonary hypertension (PH)). The purpose of this analysis was to determine prevalence, clinical characteristics, and survival of these various types within the registry of the German Network for Systemic Sclerosis (DNSS). Does SSc-associated ILD with or without PH affect survival and which risk factors have an additional impact?
Methods: Clinical data of 5,831 SSc patients were collected in the DNSS registry. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to compare overall survival (OS) in patients with SSc-ILD with PH (ILD-PH) and without PH (ILD-w/o-PH) to patients without pulmonary involvement and those with PAH. Analysis of the impact of pulmonary involvement and additional possible predictors on patient survival was done using the Cox proportional hazard model.
Results: We used clinical data of 3,257 patients with a mean follow-up time of 5.64±4.51 years. ILD was present (at baseline) in 34.5%, while PH (w/o-ILD) had a lower prevalence with 4.5%. At the end of follow-up, 47.6% of SSc patients had ILD, 15.2% ILD-PH, and 6.5% PAH. The diffuse cutaneous form had a higher incidence of ILD (57.3%), while PAH did not differ significantly amongst SSc subtypes. Significant differences in baseline characteristics between PAH vs. ILD-PH vs. ILD-w/o-PH were found for age at diagnosis, gender, SSc-subsets, antibody-status, FVC, DLCO and therapy. Those without pulmonary involvement had an OS of 96.4% at 5 years and OS differed significantly between patients with ILD-w/o-PH, PAH, being worst in patients with ILD-PH. Female gender, a higher BMI and higher DLCO values were associated with a lower mortality risk.
Conclusion: ILD is the most prevalent pulmonary involvement in SSc, while the combination of ILD and PH is associated with the most detrimental survival.
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