gms | German Medical Science

The term ‘artificial vision’ as it is used here describes restored vision in blind subjects by technical stimulation of neurons in the visual system. After the clinically approved devices Alpha AMS/IMS and Argus II failed to demonstrate useful ‘Gestalt’-perception, today’s research focusses on several aspects: first, on new electrode materials and designs as well as on an increase in the number of stimulating electrodes and of the stimulated area; second, on new stimulating waveforms and patterns and with this on new encoder technology; third, multimodal stimulation, e.g. a combination of electrical stimulation and pharmaceutical modulation of the retina. Furthermore, we need to learn more about the function of higher visual pathways upon advanced retinal degeneration. As the implant designs are getting more complex, simulations of the surgical implantation procedure based on 3D reconstructions of the eye anatomy and its application in virtual reality platforms are becoming useful tools and methods.

In the meantime, implant prototypes are tested in clinical trials, e.g. a subretinal prosthesis was implanted in advanced cases of geographic atrophy.

In summary, we will demonstrate that, although the primary concept of straightforward electrical stimulation of the degenerated retina with approved retinal implants failed, new technology will enable us to continue the development of innovative implantable interfaces to successfully restore vision in blind subjects.