Artikel
Trends in child immunization coverage data quality reported to WHO and UNICEF over 20 years (2000–2019)
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Autoren
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Cornelius Rau
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Hamburg, Germany; World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), Immunization Analysis & Insights (IAI), Geneva, Switzerland; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, United States
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Daniel Lüdecke
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Medical Sociology, Hamburg, Germany
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Laure B. Dumolard
- World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), Immunization Analysis & Insights (IAI), Geneva, Switzerland
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Jan Grevendonk
- World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), Immunization Analysis & Insights (IAI), Geneva, Switzerland
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Brenton M. Wiernik
- University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, Tampa, FL, United States
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Robin Kobbe
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany; Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
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Marta Gacic-Dobo
- World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), Immunization Analysis & Insights (IAI), Geneva, Switzerland
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M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
- World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), Immunization Analysis & Insights (IAI), Geneva, Switzerland
| Veröffentlicht: | 10. Mai 2023 |
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Gliederung
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Research question: Analyzing immunization coverage data is crucial to guide decision-making in national immunization programs and monitor global initiatives such as the Immunization Agenda 2030. We aimed to assess the quality of reported child immunization coverage data for 194 countries over 20 years.
Method: We analyzed child immunization coverage as reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) between 2000–2019 by all WHO Member States for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine birth dose, first and third doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP1, DTP3), and first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1). We assessed completeness, consistency, integrity, and congruence and assigned data quality flags in case anomalies were detected. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the probability of flags worldwide and for different country groups over time.
Results: The probability of data quality flags was 18.2% globally (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.8–22.3). The lowest probability was seen in South-East Asia (6.3%, 3.3–11.8, p=.002), the highest in the Americas (29.7%, 22.7–37.9, p<.001). The probability of data quality flags declined by 5.1% per year globally (3.2–7.0, p<.001). The steepest decline was seen in Africa (-9.6%, -13.0 to -5.8, p<.001), followed by Europe (-5.4%, -9.2 to -1.6, p=.006), and the Americas (-4.9%, -9.2 to -0.6, p=.026). Most country groups showed a statistically significant decline of the probability of data quality flags, and none had a statistically significant increase.
Discussion: Between 2000 and 2019, the quality of global immunization coverage data appears to have improved. However, progress has not been universal, and trends may have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results highlight the need for joint efforts so that all countries collect, report, and use high-quality data for action in immunization.
