Artikel
Incidence of metabolic syndrome by occupation – results from the 10-year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study
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Autoren
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Juliane Bauer
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Fachbereich Arbeit und Gesundheit, Berlin, Germany
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Janice Hegewald
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Fachbereich Arbeit und Gesundheit, Berlin, Germany
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Karin Rossnagel
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Fachbereich Arbeit und Gesundheit, Berlin, Germany
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Michaela Prigge
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Fachbereich Arbeit und Gesundheit, Berlin, Germany
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Sylvia Jankowiak
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Fachbereich Arbeit und Gesundheit, Berlin, Germany
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Julian Chalabi
- Präventive Kardiologie und Medizinische Prävention, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Matthias Nübling
- Freiburger Forschungsstelle für Arbeitswissenschaften (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
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Alice Freiberg
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Dresden, Germany
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Merle Riechmann-Wolf
- Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Philipp Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Thomas Koeck
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Matthias Michal
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Karl Lackner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology – Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Matthias Büttner
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Katharina Geschke
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Julia Weinmann-Menke
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Stavros Konstantinides
- Centrum für Thrombose und Hämostase, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Andreas Seidler
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Dresden, Germany
| Veröffentlicht: | 6. September 2024 |
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Gliederung
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Background: Metabolic syndrome, a complex of interrelated risk factors, considerably increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome is currently estimated at around 25% and highlights the need for targeted intervention and prevention strategies. The workplace represents a setting for health promotion that can have a significant impact on the incidence of illness in society. In order to implement or strengthen targeted prevention measures, it is therefore important to identify occupations with an increased risk. To date, few studies have examined the association between metabolic syndrome and occupation cross-sectionally, but longitudinal studies are missing. Thus, this study aims to examine the 10-year incidence of metabolic syndrome across occupational groups and to identify occupations with a high risk.
Methods: Longitudinal data from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) were used, to examine occupational information at baseline (2007-2012) and incidence of metabolic syndrome at the 10-year follow-up. Information about previous occupational phases were coded into occupational categories according to the KldB 2010. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Alberti et al. [1]. Participants had to fulfil at least three of the following five criteria: obesity, increased triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and increased fasting blood glucose. Individuals were excluded from analyses if they were not employed or if the occupation was unknown at baseline, if they were older than 64 years of age at baseline or if they had been diagnosed with type 1 or gestational diabetes. Age- and sex-standardised incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each occupational group based on the age- and sex-distribution of the German population in 2021. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% CI across occupations were calculated using the incidence in the total working population of the GHS as the reference.
Results: Of the 8153 workers at baseline, 45.2% were female, the mean age was 48.4 years and 21.3% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Within the subgroup of persons without prevalent metabolic syndrome at baseline and with follow-up data (n=5103), a total of 1104 new cases occurred between baseline and the 10-year follow-up. The calculated standardised incidence was 22.6%. Highest 10-year incidence was in occupational groups of “metal production, processing and construction” (48.5%), “drivers and mobile plant operators” (41.2%) and “cleaners” (34.8%). The lowest incidence of metabolic syndrome was seen in “performing and entertainment professions” (10.1%) and “horticulture and floristry” (13.4%). Compared to the total working population, the SIR showed a twofold increased incidence for employees in “metal production, processing and construction” (2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.0) and for “drivers” (1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.3), and a 50% higher incidence for “cleaners” (1.5, 0.9–2.4), employees in “mechatronics, energy and electronics” (1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.0) and in “food production and processing” (1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.1).
Conclusion: There are wide differences in the incidence of metabolic syndrome depending on occupational group and we identified high-risk occupations. Prevention measures in the workplace should focus on these occupations. Further research is needed to examine the exact roles of occupational exposures in the development of metabolic syndrome in these occupational groups.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
The authors declare that a positive ethics committee vote has been obtained.
References
- 1.
- Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640-5.
