Artikel
Human stem cells and hydrogel β-TCP/PCl versus hydrogel β-TCP/PLGA scaffolds in human thumb regeneration
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Autoren
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Christian Weinand
- Köln, Deutschland
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Rajiv Gupta
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Boston, Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
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Eli Weinberg
- Massachusetts Institue of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering, Cambridge, Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
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Craig Neville
- Massachusette General Hospital, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabricationn, Boston, Deutschland
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Frederic Shapiro
- The Childrens Hospital Boston, Orthopedic Surgery, Boston, Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
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Josef P. Vacanti
- Massachusette General Hospital, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabricationn, Boston, Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
| Veröffentlicht: | 3. September 2014 |
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Gliederung
Text
The absence of the thumb from either trauma or congenital defect renders a patient in severe disability and loss of function in daily life. Recent advancements in tissue engineering techniques using mesenchymal stem cells, hydrogels and various biodegradable scaffolds permitted the potential to tissue engineer bone and cartilage made from autologous or even allogeneic stem cells. Hydrogels serve as carrier material for the stem cells, provide nutrients for differentiation of the cells and degrade with production of extracellular matrix. Biodegradable scaffold made of osteoinductive or osteoconductive materials such as β-Tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP), Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) or Poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) can be used in 3-dimensional printing human bone.
In our experiment, we used three-dimensional printed (3DP) scaffolds from a CT scan of a human distal phalanx to test ability to support bone formation in vivo. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were expanded, suspended in collagen I and fibrin glue hydrogel and applied onto 3DP β-TCP/PCL or β-TCP/PLGA scaffolds. Acellular constructs and scaffolds only served as controls. The constructs were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 6 weeks. Samples were then evaluated using high resolution VCT scanning, histologically by Toluidin blue, van Kossa and alkaline phosphatase stain and biomechanically.
In vivo high resolution VCT scanning revealed densities closer to native bone in cellular β-TCP/PLGA specimens than in β-TCP/PCL specimens. Histologically collagen I hydrogel β-TCP/PLGA specimens had superior bone tissue, although radiopacities were detected in collagen I and Fibrin glue β-TCP/PCL samples. Biomechanical compression testing, however showed higher stiffness in cellular β-TCP/PCL collagen I than in β-TCP/PLGA. Expression of bone specific proteins was highest in cellular β-TCP/PLGA collagen I specimens Statistical analysis confirmed high correlations between volumetric CT and biomechanical values and expression of bone specific proteins.
This new approach could be potentially used in the surgical reconstruction for patients with bone loss of the hand.
