gms | German Medical Science

There is hopeful evidence that exercise and physical fitness is associated with better cognitive performance in older adults (Colcombe & Kramer, 2003; Larson et al., 2006) and that physical activity can reduce the risk of dementia. Nevertheless, there are many studies failed to observe positive effects (Etnier et al., 2006). The inconsistent results can be explained in part by the variety of differences among the studies: the definitions of physical activity and fitness, the types of intervention, the methods of assessment, the level and dimension of cognitive functions, the design and methods of the studies. In addition, the role of the genetic influence on physical fitness and cognitive function, and their relationship is widely unknown.

Therefore, the aims of our study are:

• to analyse the effect of the genetic risk factor APOE on cognitive performance and physical fitness
• to examine the association between cognitive performance and physical activity across life span
• to examine the association between cognitive performance and several physical fitness
• to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of different exercise programs

480 persons were initially tested from December 2005 until August 2006: 120 healthy younger adults (age 18-35 years), 120 healthy older adults (age 55-80 years), and 120 persons with MCI and dementia (age 50-90 years).

Each participant complete a physical fitness test (endurance, strength, balance, reaction time, flexibility), measurements of cognitive performance (memory, speed, attention, spatial orientation, executive function) and genotype APOE examination. Socio-economic status, health status and disability, leisure time activities, locus of control, and quality of life were gathered by questionnaires. To determine level and change of physical activity and exercise in the last 12 months and across life span questionnaire assessed manner, duration, frequency, and intensity of physical activity.

Per 20 cognitive healthy individuals and per 20 persons with dementia and MCI are randomised into 3 intervention and 1 control groups. The types of the 3 intervention regimens are endurance, strength, and coordination training. Participants exercise 2 times per week for 3 months. Every session comprise 60 minutes. The intensity of sessions are gradually increased.

The study is ongoing. First results of the baseline measurement occasion are expected in September.