Figure 1: Circulating levels of sPD-L1, sCD86 and s4-1BB are higher in pregnant mothers with CHB compared with at-risk and healthy pregnancies (A). sPD-L1 and sCD86 levels can differentiate between CHB and at-risk pregnancy with elevated interferon signature (B). Persistent sCD86 and s4-1BB values but declined sPD-L1 postpartum in CHB (C).