Figure 1: The application of magnifying exoscope in various operative procedures. LEFT: Photographs of manipulation under ViTOM. RIGHT: (A) removal of a migrated lumbar disc hernia, (B) Spinal canal decompression, (C) Removal of a intraneural schwannoma, (D) anterior intervetebral body fusion, (E) Removal of a cerebral hematoma , (F) Microneurorhaphy, (G) End-to-side microsurgical arterial anastomosis and (H)&(I) End-to-side and end-to-end microvenous anastomoses