Figure 4: Three-dimensional reconstruction (3D) of micro-CT images from human temporal bone illustrating the spatial relationship between stapes footplate/piston, utriclus and sacculus (previously unpublished figures, with kind permission of Ian Curthoys and Payal Mukherjee, University of Sydney, Australia). a.) view of a stapes piston (insertion depth: 0.25 mm) in relation to the stapes footplate (green), utricular macula (light blue) and saccular macula (orange). The membranous structures of utriculus and sacculus are shown in dark blue and red, respectively. b.) 3D reconstruction of stapes (green), utricular (light blue) and saccular macula (orange). Both figures show that the posterosuperior utricular macula is located closest to the stapes footplate (for details see [182]).